Transformer.



vor less so-called breathing,

ing this breathing action or UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.

LOUIS C. NICHOLS, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCCNSIN, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A

CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TRANSFORMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 10, 1917..

Application filed July .22, 1911. Serial No. 639,959.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, Louis a citizen of'the United States,

ilwaukee, State vof C.V N IonoLs,

in the county of Milwaukee and Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers, of which the following is a full, clear, and eXact specification.

Myl invention relates to transformers.

In iiuid filled transformers there is more that is, the insulating fluid, which in the present case is oil, expands upon becoming heated, and

contracts when the heat is dissipated. Durexpansion and contraction of the fluid, moisture in small quantities might be drawn into the transto various reasons, water particles may be 4present in the insulating fluid. The moisture or water particles present within the transformer casings are undesirable and may prove injurious if collected in suihcient quantities.

It is therefore the object of this invention to maintain in a dry condition the inl sulating fluid in transformers.

. will .drawing and will-be particularly set forth' 'in the appended claims.

' and which are wound Apanyi'ng drawing,

The invention is illustrated in the accom- Which is a longitudinal sectional view of a transformer equipped with my invention.

The various novel features of the invention be apparent from the description and pon a base 10 is mounted a transformer inclosed vin a casing having a main body portion 11, a bottom 12, and cover 13. Inside of the casing is a frame 14 on which is supported a laminated core 16. High and low voltage windings 17 and 18 respectively are subdivided into a number of thin fiat coils which present a large cooling surface, on said core. The

. coils are separated from each other, form- 4cal operating condition. Y

ing spaces through which a fluid may pass to maintain the coils in a cool and economir1`he frame 14 is reinforced by bolts 19 which retain the laminae ofthe core in a fixed position.

Located exterior to the main casing and retained a predetermined distance therefrom is a shell 20. This shell comprises two metal 'parts 21 which are also held predetermined distances apart and are reinforced by brackets 22 to which the metal parts are residing at l casing and Also located within the transformer cas-v ing 11 is a partition or separating shield 15, preferably of insulating material, which divides the interior of the transformer casing into two compartments, an-upper compartment 25 and a lower compartment 24. Mounted in the upper chamber 25, and preferably on the partition 15, is a receptacle 26 containing a drying agent adapted to absorb moisture or water particles if there be any in the oil. This drying agent may comprise a series of blotters arranged in any convenient manner, or it may consist of calcium oxid, or any other material which is capable of absorbing moisture. A pipe 27, extending practically from the bottom of the lower compartment 24, passes through the partition 15 and extends into the receptacle 26. Another pipe 2S passes from the receptacle 26, in which the drying means is located, and extends practically to the upper surface of the partition 15.

The insulating' fluid in this particular case is oil, the lower compartment 24 being completely filled therewith and the upper compartment 25 containing` oil normally to the level indicated by the line0-0. When the oil comes in contact with the operating transformer it gradually becomes heated, rises, and the cooler oil takes its place, causing a general upward fiow within the inner transformer casing. During this fiow, part of the oil passes out through the upper connecting pipes 23, down through the shell 2O and again ent-ers the main transformer cascasing 11, up through thepipe 27 and into the receptacle 26 containing the drying agent, any water particles being removed in rthis receptacle and 'the oil passing` out into the upper compartment 25 of the casing. Upon cooling, the oil contracts and pai't of the oil in the upper chamber 25 passes into the receptacle 26, together with any moisture which might collect therein, any moisture being absorbed in the receptacle 26 and the oil passing through pipe 27 into the lower compartment. Therefore, during this breathing or expansion and contraction of the'insulating fluid, Water or moisture which has collected in the lower compartment of the transformer casing will be forced up during the expansion of the fluid, through the pipe 27 and absorbed in the drying i'eceptacle 26, and any water or moistui'e collected in the upper compartment 25, would, upon contraction of the insulating fluid, be forced through pipe 28 and the drying receptacle where the moisture will likewise be taken out of the insulating fluid.

`It is therefore evident that no matter how moisture is collected in either of the compartments, such water is soon absorbed and the'insulating fluid maintained in a dry condition. The transformer casing, or casing in which any similar electrical apparatus maybe located, may be divided into any number of compartments and any number of drying receptacles may be used. The breathing action of the insulating fluid is automatic'and no matter what movement the insulating fluid makes upon expanding or contracting, all moisture in said fluidis readily removed.

Other arrangements and modifications may be made, and I intend to cover all such arrangements and modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of my invention as set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim as new is:

1. In combination, a casing having two compartments, an insulating liquid in said compartments, an electrical device immersed in one of said compartments, means located in one of' said compartments for drying said insulating liquid, and means for conveying said liquid from one compartment through said drying meahs'into the other compartment upon a changein volume of said liquid. Y

2. In combination, a casing having a plurality of compartments, an insulating liquid located in said compartn'ients, a ti'ansformer in one of said compartments, means located in a secoiid compartment for absorbing moisture from said liquid, and means foi' conveying said liquid from said first coinpai'tiiiciit through said absorbing means into the second compartment upon expansion of said liquid, and for conveying said liquid from said second compartment, through said `absorbingineans, and back into said first compartment upon contraction of said liquid.

3. In combination, a casing having two compartments, electrical apparatus' 'm1- mersed in insulating fluid in one of said compartments, means within said casing for providing fluid communication between said compartments, and means effective to absorb moisture contained in said fluid, said latter means being inserted in said fluid communicating means whereby during the passage of fluid from either compartment to the othermoistnre contained in ysaid fluid is absorbed therefrom.

4. In combination, a casing having two compartments, electrical apparatus A mersed in insulating fluid in one of said' compartments, and means within said ca'sing ,for absorbing moisture contained in said Huid, said means communicating with the compartment containing said electricalim-IA apparatus at a point adjacentthe lower end of said apparatus.

5. A casing adapted to contain insulating fluid and divided into a plurality of' compartments, a communicating passage between said compartments and opening into one of said compartments at a point appreciably below the normal level of fluid within said latter compartment, and moisture absorbing means located in said communieating passage. i

6. An oil containing easing for electricalapparatus, and means within said casing with which said oil is adapted to come in contact for absorbing moisture therefrom, said means comprising a Huid conveying' element communicating with said casing at4 los M a point adjacent the lower end of said elecf' trical apparatus when the latter is in operative position in said casing.

7. In combination, a casing containing electrical apparatus immersed in insulating fluid, and means associated with said casing and operative during expansion and contraction of the insulating fluid therein" incident to the operationl of said electrical apparatus for removing moisture that may' collect in said casing, said mean's comprising a fluid conveying element communicati ing with the interior of said casing at a point below the normal level of insulating u Huid therein, and moisture absorbing means inserted in said fluid conveying `element) and effective to absorb the moisture from fluid passing' therethrough.

8. In combination, a casing containing electrical apparatus iniineised in insulating fluid. and means comprising a fluid conveying,r element associated with said casing and forming a normal inlet and outlet -for insulating fluid to and from, respectively, the apparatus containing portion of said casing',

-said means being eiective during expansion and contraction of said insulating fluid incident to the normal operation of said apparatus to remove moisture that may collect adjacent the bottom ofthe apparatus-containing portion of said casing and to permit the entrance of insulating iuid While preventing the entrance of moisture to said casing.

9. In combination, a casing comprising a plurality of compartments, electrical appa ratus immersed in insulating iiuid in one of said compartments, and means within said casing for providing fluid communication between said compartments and communicating with the apparatus-containing compartment ladjacent the lowest point of such apparatus, said means comprising means for absorbing moisture contained in said insulating fluid as the latter passes from one compartment to the other on expansion or contraction thereof incident to the normal operation of said apparatus.

l0. In combination, a casing, electrical apparatus immersed in insulating Huid in said casing, said casing having a plurality of compartments, and means Within said casing for providing fluid communication between said compartments, said means comprising means for absorbing moisture contained in said insulating iuid as the latter passes from one compartment to the other.

Milwaukee, Wis., July 5, 1911,

In testimony whereof I aiiiX my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS C. NICHOLS. lVitnesses CHAs. L. BYRON Ro. E. SToLL. 

